This volume collects contributions from the thematic Einstein semester on algebraic geometry that took place in the winter semester 2019/2020 in Berlin, Germany, and was devoted to interactions of algebraic geometry with other fields, as well as applications with a potential impact from/on algebraic geometric methods. Following the semester’s topics, the present volume includes a selection of important survey and research articles by leading researchers in the field, which will be of interest to both young and experienced mathematicians working in algebraic geometry and its applications.